Table of Contents
- SS 321/321H Washers Overview
- SS 321/321H Washers Specifications
- SS 321 Series Technical Properties & Composition
- SS 321 vs. SS 321H
- Why Industries Prefer SS 321/321H Washers
- Types of SS 321 Washers
- Key Technical Advantages
- Key Applications of SS 321/321H Washers
- Quality Testing & Inspection
- Global Export Markets
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Contact Aurum Overseas
SS 321/321H Washers Suppliers & Exporters
Aurum Overseas is a trusted SS 321/321H Washers Supplier and SS 321/321H Washers Exporter, offering high-quality titanium-stabilized stainless steel washers built for high-temperature and thermal cycling environments.
Manufactured to ASME B18.21.1, DIN 125, and ISO 7089 standards, our UNS S32100 / S32109 Washers feature titanium stabilization to prevent intergranular corrosion and material breakdown at continuous temperatures from 425°C to 900°C (800°F to 1500°F).
As a leading SS 321/321H Washers Exporter, Aurum Overseas supplies fully certified washers with fast shipping to clients across North America, Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region.
SS 321/321H Washers Specifications
| Parameter | Technical Specification / Standard Range |
|---|---|
| Material Grades | Stainless Steel 321 (UNS S32100) / 321H (UNS S32109) |
| UNS Designations | UNS S32100 / S32109 Washers |
| Werkstoff Numbers | 1.4541 (321) / 1.4878 (321H) |
| Manufacturing Standards | ASTM A240 / ASME SA240, ASTM A193/A194 Hardware Specifications |
| Dimensional Standards | ASME B18.21.1, DIN 125 A/B, DIN 127 B, DIN 9021, ISO 7089, ISO 7090 |
| Washer Types | Plain Flat, Heavy Duty Structural, Spring Lock, Belleville Washers, Tab Washers |
| Size Range | Imperial: #4 to 4" NB | Metric: M3 to M100 |
| Thickness Range | 0.5 mm to 12 mm (Custom sizes available on request) |
| Hardness Range | Annealed Condition: HRB 95 max (217 HBW max) |
| Surface Finishes | Bright Annealed, Passivated, Pickled, Electro-polished, PTFE Coated |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 MTR, PMI Testing Report, Grain Size & Intergranular Test Reports |
SS 321 Series Technical Properties & Composition
Chemical Composition of UNS S32100 / S32109 Washers (%)
| Element | SS 321 (UNS S32100) | SS 321H (UNS S32109) |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 max | 0.04 – 0.10 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 2.00 max | 2.00 max |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.75 max | 0.75 max |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.045 max | 0.045 max |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.030 max | 0.030 max |
| Chromium (Cr) | 17.0 – 19.0 | 17.0 – 19.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 9.0 – 12.0 | 9.0 – 12.0 |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.10 max | — |
| Titanium (Ti) | 5 x (C + N) min to 0.70 max | 4 x (C + N) min to 0.70 max |
Mechanical Properties of UNS S32100 / S32109 Washers
| Property / Parameter | SS 321 (S32100) | SS 321H (S32109) |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) min | 515 | 515 |
| Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | 205 | 205 |
| Elongation (% in 50mm) min | 40 | 40 |
| Rockwell Hardness B (HR B) max | 95 | 95 |
| Brinell Hardness (HB) max | 217 | 217 |
Equivalent Grades of SS 321 / 321H Washers
| Standard / System | SS 321 | SS 321H |
|---|---|---|
| UNS Designation | S32100 | S32109 |
| Werkstoff Nr. | 1.4541 | 1.4878 |
| Euronorm Name | X6CrNiTi18-10 | X10CrNiTi18-10 |
| JIS Standard | SUS 321 | SUS 321H |
SS 321 vs. SS 321H
| Feature | SS 321 | SS 321H |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon Content | Standard (0.08% max C) | Controlled High Carbon (0.04–0.10% C) |
| Alloy Modifiers | Titanium Stabilized [5x (C+N) min] | Titanium Stabilized [4x (C+N) min] |
| Max Operating Temp. | Continuous up to 900°C | Continuous service above 537°C |
| Weld Heat Zone | Prevents carbide decay | High-temperature creep strength |
| Best Used For | Aerospace manifolds & exhaust | Power plant boilers & refineries |
Why Industries Prefer SS 321/321H Washers
Handles Extreme Heat: Performs reliably in high-temperature equipment up to 900°C without breaking down or warping.
Prevents Joint Leaks: Maintains strong, steady clamping force on bolts, stopping flange leaks during sudden temperature changes.
Resists Corrosion & Oxidation: Built to withstand harsh chemicals, hot gases, and corrosive industrial fluids without rusting.
Longer Service Life: Strong material structure reduces wear and tear, lowering repair costs and downtime for critical machinery.
Smooth & Easy Assembly: Precision-made flat surfaces prevent thread jamming and allow quick, hassle-free installation.
Types of SS 321 Washers
Aurum Overseas supplies a comprehensive range of stainless steel washer configurations manufactured according to standard DIN, ASME, and ISO dimensional tolerances for multiple engineering assemblies.
SS 321/321H Plain Washers
SS 321/321H Spring Washers
SS 321/321H Lock Washers
SS 321/321H Square Washers
SS 321/321H Conical Washers
Key Technical Advantages
Titanium Stabilization
Binds free carbon to maintain maximum corrosion resistance in the 425°C to 850°C temperature range.
Controlled Grain Size
High-temperature 321H grades feature optimal grain size structure to maximize creep rupture life.
Non-Magnetic Properties
Fully austenitic matrix maintains low magnetic permeability in sensitive thermal instruments.
Smooth Passivated Finish
Chemical passivation removes surface tramp iron to prevent localized oxidation and rusting.
Cryogenic Toughness
Retains high ductility and impact strength at sub-zero temperatures.
Key Applications of SS 321/321H Washers
| Industry Sector | Recommended Grade | Typical Equipment Application | Service Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerospace & Aviation | SS 321 (S32100) | Exhaust manifolds, thermal mufflers | Cyclic exhaust gas heating, high vibration |
| Petrochemical Refining | SS 321H (S32109) | Catalytic cracking units, flare stacks | Continuous service above 537°C, polythionic acid |
| Power Generation | SS 321H (S32109) | Superheater headers, boiler piping | High-pressure steam, thermal stress |
| Chemical Processing | SS 321 (S32100) | High-temperature reactor vessels | Organic chemical synthesis, thermal cycles |
| Thermal Processing | SS 321 / 321H | Heat exchanger flanges, furnace hardware | Continuous high heat up to 900°C |
Quality Testing & Inspection
As a quality-focused SS 321/321H Washers Supplier, Aurum Overseas subjects every production batch to rigorous quality checks:
- Positive Material Identification (PMI): XRF spectroscopy testing to verify precise chromium, nickel, and titanium stabilization ratios.
- Mechanical & Hardness Testing: Proof load, tensile strength (515 MPa min), and Rockwell B hardness verification (<= 95 HRB) per ASTM A240 standards.
- Dimensional Accuracy: Laser-gauge and micrometer verification of thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter tolerances per ASME B18.21.1 and DIN 125.
- Full Certification: Delivered with EN 10204 3.1 Material Test Reports guaranteeing full raw material traceability.
Global Export Markets
Aurum Overseas exports UNS S32100 / S32109 Washers to global energy, aerospace, and processing hubs:
- North America: United States, Canada, Mexico
- Europe: Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway
- Middle East: United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman
- Asia-Pacific: Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, South Korea
Frequently Asked Questions
SS 321 contains titanium additions equal to at least 5 times the carbon content. Titanium binds carbon into titanium carbides, preventing intergranular corrosion and chromium depletion when operating in the 425°C to 850°C sensitization temperature range.
SS 321H requires a controlled higher carbon content (0.04%–0.10%) and specialized solution heat treatment. This provides higher creep and stress-rupture strength at service temperatures above 537°C (1000°F).
Yes, the titanium carbide stabilization in SS 321 and 321H prevents sensitization in refinery equipment, making these washers resistant to polythionic acid SCC during shutdown periods.
In the fully solution-annealed condition, SS 321 is non-magnetic. Stamping or cold working during washer production may induce slight magnetic response, which can be removed by solution annealing if required.
Aurum Overseas manufactures metric and imperial washers conforming to DIN 125, DIN 127, DIN 9021, ASME B18.21.1, and ISO 7089 standards, as well as custom drawing specifications.
Yes, as an experienced SS 321/321H Washers Exporter, every batch is shipped with EN 10204 3.1 Material Test Reports providing full chemical, mechanical, and intergranular corrosion test results.
Contact Aurum Overseas
Aurum Overseas manufactures and supplies high-performance SS 321/321H Washers for elevated-temperature engineering projects.
Contact our technical sales team for immediate pricing, technical specifications, and custom order requirements.